Orbital Tumors

The orbit, the bony opening that contains the eyeball and surrounding structures, may contain tumors or abnormal growths of tissue. These may be benign or cancerous and may arise primarily from the orbit or may spread (metastasize) from elsewhere in the body. Prevalence of orbital tumors varies considerably by age, but common ones include cysts, blood vessel abnormalities, lymphomas, or secondary tumors (either metastatic or spread from the adjacent sinuses, skin, or skull base).

Some tumors may be symptom-free and develop slowly over many years. Other tumors grow rapidly or cause symptoms that include bulging of the eye (proptosis), double vision, or loss of vision.

Careful examination by a trained specialist is key to the diagnosis of an orbital tumor. Some orbital tumors are visible or can be felt on examination while others may be deeper in the eye socket. Imaging tests, including computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be necessary to evaluate or track these growths. Many tumors require a biopsy to establish the diagnosis and guide the recommended treatment.

A variety of treatment options exist and depends on the type of tumor. Some tumors require monitoring while others need interventional treatment. This may include surgical excision, radiation, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. In some instances, other specialties including neurosurgery, otolaryngology, or radiation oncology may be involved.